All the interviews, articles and blogs to do with eCabs’ mobility product and technology on the eCabs website will fall under this tag.

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Using machine learning for time series prediction and forecasting

Using machine learning for time series forecasting with SARIMAX in Python

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In this blog post, we’ll explore how to make use of SARIMAX, a powerful statistical method, in conjunction with machine learning techniques for time series forecasting using Python within the mobility industry.

With the introduction of machine learning, traditional statistical methods have been enhanced to deliver more accurate and robust predictions.

In ride-hailing, predicting customer volumes is essential for optimising operations, managing resources efficiently, and enhancing customer experience. This can be achieved with time series forecasting techniques like SARIMAX.

Time series forecasting techniques like SARIMAX can play a crucial role in this regard.

We will demonstrate how we can apply SARIMAX to predict customer volumes in the mobility sector.

What is SARIMAX?

Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Regressors (SARIMAX) is a statistical method commonly used for time series analysis and forecasting. 

It extends the ARIMA model by incorporating additional parameters for seasonal variations and exogenous variables.

SARIMAX models are widely used in industries such as finance, economics, and healthcare for predicting future values based on historical data patterns.

We also use it within the mobility industry.

As can be seen in the below snapshot of possible inputs for this statistical method, the Python package has a diverse number of possible variables that the analyst can use to personalise the tool with.

The ones most typically amended with company-specific values are ‘order’ and ‘seasonal order’ and rest are commonly left with their default values as described here. 

Leveraging machine learning for time series prediction and forecasting 2

Mathematical Formulation

Leveraging machine learning for time series prediction and forecasting 2

For the mathematically minded, this is how the method is defined using three sets of parameters. 

The three sets of parameters:

  • Seasonal Parameters (p, d, q, P, D, Q, s):
    • p: Autoregressive order for the seasonal component.
    • d: Degree of differencing for the seasonal component.
    • q: Moving average order for the seasonal component.
    • P: Seasonal autoregressive order.
    • D: Degree of differencing for the seasonal component.
    • Q: Seasonal moving average order.
    • s: Seasonal period (e.g., 24 for hourly data, 7 for weekly data, 12 for monthly data and 4 for quarterly data)
  • Non-seasonal Parameters (p, d, q):
    • p: Autoregressive order for the non-seasonal component.
    • d: Degree of differencing for the non-seasonal component.
    • q: Moving average order for the non-seasonal component.
  • Exogenous Variables (X):
    • Additional variables that are incorporated into the model to capture their influence on the time series.

In ‘English’

  • The Seasonal Component in SARIMAX accounts for seasonal patterns in the time series data. Seasonality refers to repeating patterns that occur at regular intervals, such as daily, weekly, or yearly cycles. By incorporating seasonal parameters, SARIMAX can capture and model these patterns effectively.
  • The Autoregressive (AR) Component of The autoregressive component of SARIMAX models the relationship between an observation and a number of lagged observations (i.e., past values of the time series). This component captures the dependence of the current value on its previous values.
  • The Integrated (I) Component: The integrated component of SARIMAX accounts for non-stationarity in the time series data by differencing. Non-stationarity refers to the presence of trends or irregular patterns that change over time. By differencing the data, SARIMAX transforms it into a stationary series, making it suitable for modelling.
  • The Moving Average (MA) Component: The moving average component of SARIMAX models the dependency between an observation and a residual error from a moving average model applied to lagged observations. This component helps capture short-term fluctuations and noise in the data.
  • The Exogenous Variables (X) in SARIMAX allows for the inclusion of exogenous variables, which are external factors that may influence the time series but are not part of the time series itself. These variables could be economic indicators, weather conditions, or any other relevant factors that affect the phenomenon being studied.

Workflow of SARIMAX Modelling

  1. Data Collection and Preparation:

One must first gather historical data on customer volumes from the company’s database or other such relevant sources. This data could include metrics such as the number of ride requests or bookings per hour/day. This data must then be pre-processed by handling missing values, removing outliers, and converting timestamps to appropriate datetime objects. 

  • Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA):

One must then conduct exploratory data analysis to understand any underlying patterns or trends in customer volumes. The time series data is then visualised using line plots, histograms, and seasonal decomposition to identify seasonality, trends, and any anomalies which are to be used in the next stage.

  • Model Building:

The Machine Learning (ML) portion of the process starts here by splitting the dataset into training and testing sets, ensuring that the temporal order is maintained. A SARIMAX model is fit to the training data, specifying the appropriate parameters such as order and seasonal order based on the identified patterns in the data in the previous step. One may also include exogenous variables such as weather conditions, holidays, or events that may influence customer volumes at this stage.

  • Model Evaluation:

The performance of the SARIMAX model is then evaluated using metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) on the testing set. The forecasted customer volumes are compared with the actual values to assess the accuracy of the model.

  • Forecasting:

The trained SARIMAX model is then used to generate forecasts for future time periods, capturing variations in customer volumes. The forecasted customer volumes are visualised along with prediction intervals to provide insights into the uncertainty associated with the predictions.

Conclusion

Predicting important metrics as accurately as possible is vital for making data-driven decisions within businesses, particularly those within the mobility industry as it allows for the optimisation of operations and customer experience.

By making the most of the tools at hand, particularly packages like SARIMAX in Python for time series forecasting, ride-hailing companies such as eCabs can try to anticipate fluctuations in demand and supply within such a volatile market.

Julia Vella
Julia is Senior Data Analyst at eCabs Technologies. She has a Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics and Physics and a Master’s degree in Machine Learning, Pattern Recognition and Image/Signal Processing. Her studies have taken her to the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, more commonly known as CERN. Here, she worked on analysing raw data obtained from proton-lead collisions at the world’s largest and highest-energy particle collider. She has worked as a payment and fraud analyst, and kicked off her data analyst career at a Big Four firm. She also filled the shoes of a research and support analyst for Oxford University. When she’s not crunching numbers you can find her climbing cliff faces, at the gym, or gaming.
Traversing the Agile seas: a Scrum Master’s journey

Traversing the Agile seas: a Scrum Master’s journey

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eCabs Technologies Scrum Master

Aldo Cauchi Savona

The idea of helping people to help themselves is probably the key factor which drew me towards becoming a Scrum Master.

My journey into Agile, not just Scrum, has been a long one. I was one of the first three Scrum people certified in Malta (one other Scrum Master and a Scrum trainer).

Can you tell us a bit about your professional journey in this field?

Agile and Scrum were practically non-existent on the island back in 2007. Along with the other qualified Scrum Master, we had started an NGO called Agile Malta. Through this NGO, we used to hold Agile focused conferences and used to help companies to transition to the Agile mentality.

Over time, I learnt different Agile methodologies which have progressed towards scaled Scrum.

Can you provide an overview of your role as a Scrum Master at eCabs Technologies? What are your primary responsibilities and objectives?

When I joined eCabs, one of the very first things I noticed – and liked – was that the company was not developing a ride-hailing platform separate from everything else. But as a consolidated operator platform, integrating app, phone, web and API integrated bookings, amongst others.

My role has evolved from aiding eCabs’ tech team to understanding Scrum, to helping them to understand their autonomy and self-responsibility.

My primary objective is to ensure that we give back the flow of work from our customer and product team’s minds, along with our company experience, to our customers with a high level of quality.

eCabs Technologies is known for its tech-driven culture. How does the Scrum framework contribute to the development and improvement of these solutions?

Scrum fosters the creation and maintenance of a mentality of small increments totaling up to one great improvement. Based on how the local and foreign customers and business are progressing over time.

Changing people’s behaviour is never easy. But the Agile/Scrum perspective comes to the rescue in the form of small changes over time. In terms of what we communicate, as well as when and how. All the while focusing on how people are feeling during the communication exchange.

My main objective is getting the tech teams to functional in a holistic and professional manner. In the long run, my end game is to foster collaboration and self-management across the entire company.

eCabs Technologies Scrum Master Aldo Cauchi Savona

At eCabs Technologies, my main objective is getting the tech teams to functional in a holistic and professional manner. In the long run, my end game is to foster collaboration and self-management across the entire company.

Communication is enhanced with the use of informative automated boards. As well as the use of Slack and Scrum’s correlated rhythmical set of meetings, one of which occurs daily.

Getting all team players rowing in the same direction at the same time, where all the company is working as a team, will allow us to beat groups of any size.

What advice would you give to aspiring Scrum Masters who are looking to excel in their careers within the tech industry? Especially in companies like eCabs?

It is good to always keep in mind that Scrum is not unique or special only to tech companies. Social sciences use what they call a ‘grounded thinking’ methodology, which involves the cyclical application of inductive reasoning.

In anything in life – not only in the tech industry – start small and cyclically build yourself. All the time, adapting your current short-term plan towards achieving a long-term goal, which is also an ever evolving and constantly changing process.

For instance, improvements through small increments is also an aspect of physical therapy (which I travel abroad yearly for after a nasty incident a few years ago which left me in need of the aforementioned therapy.)

My personal experience has taught me that, sometimes, even those things that are deemed impossible or unlikely, are achievable. With the right mindset, the appropriate direction, and a dose of hard work from your end. And I try to apply that reasoning to everything I do.

Interested in joining the eCabs Technologies team?

Check out our open positions
Aldo Cauchi Savona Traversing the Agile seas: a Scrum Master’s journey
Aldo describes himself as a ‘hobbit with Scrum and artistic knowledge’. Born in Malta, he studied in the UK where he bagged himself a BA in A.I., and began specialising in web development, and then software development. He was introduced to Scrum in 2007. A year later, he became one of the first two Scrum Masters in Malta; they co-founded an NGO which used to help companies transition towards an Agile mindset. As Scrum Master, he helps tech personnel understand how they can work in a manner that is conducive to the efficiency and wellbeing of the company, but also helpful to themselves. In his spare time, Aldo is a photographer. He also takes care of six stray cats which live outside his home.
A passion for research and continuous development

A passion for research and continuous development

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eCabs Technologies Product Owner

Stephanie Farrugia

eCabs Technologies Product Owner Stephanie Farrugia gives an insider’s perspective on how she and her team navigate the ever-changing landscape of the mobility sector and how her pivotal role allows her to indulge on her love of continuous development and research.

Can you provide an overview of your role as a Product Owner at eCabs Technologies?

My role within eCabs Technologies is quite dynamic. I am the Product Owner of Data, which is a crucial business enabler, as it empowers key stakeholders to take timely and informed decisions from both a strategic and operational viewpoint. 

To achieve all this, the primary responsibilities include that of making sure that the underlying data infrastructure is operating smoothly. As well as performing ongoing prioritisation of incoming data requests by validating the respective business impact. 

In my role, I also need to provide support to all my fellow Product Owners in providing the necessary data analytics as a pre-requisite to designing new features.   

As a Product Owner, and together with the team when specific data reporting requirements pose a technical challenge, we make sure that we investigate and seek the right technical approach to deliver the expected level of visibility. 

During the first part of my exciting journey with eCabs I worked on the Customer App mainly in identifying and analysing new features that would facilitate the customer journey.

Supported by our UI/UX team, we facilitated the pickup process, making it easier for customers to select pickup points within busy areas and on special events, amongst many other innovations. 

It is most satisfying to make use of the same features as a customer eventually, which I definitely did! 

How does eCabs prioritise which new features or products to work on, and what role do you play in shaping these decisions?

As a Product team we are responsible for devising the roadmap of all our products.

We base the order of priority for developing listed features on the scale of impact a feature would have on its stakeholders, supported by market research and data analytics, since we want to deliver the features and products that matter most.

We also consider the cost and effort involved in developing any given new feature compared to its business value.

eCabs and Google, with the support of TIM Italia and Noovle Malta Ltd, recently partnered up to exploit the use of machine learning and ways how through this technical concept eCabs would be able to provide a unique personal experience to our esteemed customers. 

This would be achievable through the application of algorithms on both historical and real time data that would predict customer preferences based on identified behavioural patterns and external dynamics that affect these patterns.

We also take pride in being among the first global ride-hailing platforms to leverage the distinctive capabilities of the Google Maps Mobility Platform. By harnessing real-time data, we ensure precise dispatch, accurate estimated time of arrivals (ETAs), hyper-intelligent route optimisation, and dynamic pricing. This approach not only facilitates expedited rides but also enhances cost efficiency for the benefit of our valued passengers and drivers alike.

Could you tell us about your interactions with other eCabs Technologies teams?

This is one of the most rewarding aspects of our role in that we first devise an idea and translate it into a Product Requirement Document inclusive of a detailed analysis as how we plan to fulfill the given requirement.

Once reviewed by the respective Product Owner within the team, we initiate a chain of communication with other teams starting from the Solution Architect going on to the developers when we start discussing our product from a technical viewpoint, possibly discussing specific recommended adaptations.

Eventually once the product is developed, our Quality Assurance (QA) team would be involved to ensure the product has been delivered as based on the ‘Behaviour-Driven-Development’ (BDD) scenarios that we would have documented previously which describes the expected behaviour based on a given action. 

Once QA completes their testing, the product is ready to be released and all the work comes into fruition!

What challenges have you encountered while working on product development at eCabs, and how did you and your team overcome them?

Prioritisation is always a tricky game as the mobility sector is a fast-paced industry. Being ahead of the curve is the only way to remain ahead of competition and setting the trends rather than following them. 

As a Product team we remain sensitive to market developments and by following the prioritisation criteria previously explained, we do adapt our product roadmap when this is evidently required.

eCabs Technologies operates in various markets. Can you share some insights into how you adapt your product strategy to suit different geographic regions or customer preferences?

Investing in localisation tools, starting from language translation, is key while researching on specific regulatory compliance requirements relevant to targeted regions is crucial. 

We… take pride in being among the first global ride-hailing platforms to leverage the distinctive capabilities of the Google Maps Mobility Platform.

eCabs Technologies Product Owner Stephanie Farrugia

Our vision underlying our product strategy is to ensure ease of adaptability in offering a dynamic platform aimed to empower our prospective tenants to let them decide on the deployment or not of certain features including the support for different pricing strategies suiting different market landscapes.

Our operational strategy is focused on speeding up and fine tuning the process to bring changes and country specific product requirements to market quickly.

Can you highlight any memorable success stories or milestones from your time as a Product Owner?

As a Product Owner and ably delivered by the data team and well mentored by the key stakeholders, we devised a reporting dashboard that leverages our 14 years of operational experience to support both our current and prospective tenants. 

This way, once onboarded, they immediately gain visibility on their operational performance in almost real time.  

Ongoing competition and market analysis while subscribing to relevant technical resources is key to keeping up with the momentum of this fast-moving industry.

Knowledge sharing across teams is also extremely helpful, which is a concept well encouraged and facilitated by the company.

What excites you about eCabs Technologies’ future in the mobility industry?

The seamless integration of cutting-edge technologies from industry leaders such as Google Cloud empowers our platform to not only navigate and capitalise on prevailing market opportunities but also ensures our readiness for the challenges and innovations that tomorrow may bring, such as autonomous vehicles, for instance.

The fact that there are increasing pressures for sustainability and environmental policies to be in place means that I perceive the mobility industry to play a key role in supporting this crucial mind shift supported by serious commitment from all stakeholders.

Stephanie Farrugia A passion for research and continuous development
Stephanie is a Maths and computing enthusiast who has worked in various IT roles for the Maltese government and national airline, as well as the telecom industry. She is currently enjoying her role at eCabs Technologies as Product Owner. In her free time, Stephanie loves to read autobiographies, watch engaging series, and attend fitness classes. She has a passion for travelling, visiting cathedrals and open spaces, and believes in challenging herself and learning new things every day. Stephanie is mum to a 12-year-old girl and ‘pawrent’ to a three-year-old Shih poo.
Safeguarding the three pillars of technology

Navigating the digital maze: Tales from the tech frontline

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In this blog, eCabs Systems & Network Administrator Osama Belaama dives into the digital maze of the three pillars of technology – first line tech support, network, and security.

Tech presents both opportunities and challenges. For businesses like ours, navigating this area requires a keen understanding of tech support, network management, and cybersecurity.

At eCabs Technologies, we believe that technology is the backbone of our operations. And I am committed to realising this every day.

By giving the areas below the attention they deserve, businesses not only ensure smoother operations but also fortify themselves against potential threats.

First line tech support to the rescue

In the vast landscape of technology, first line tech support stands as the front-line defenders, ensuring a smooth experience for end users.

Whenever a user finds a technical glitch, it’s the first line support that rushes to the rescue.

The primary role is not just troubleshooting the cause but also understanding, and guiding users with patience and expertise.

First line tech support makes technology approachable, ensuring a smoother digital experience for everyone. In principle, they are the human touch in an increasingly digital world.

A strong network is not just a luxury

A robust network is essential. Think of it as the highways and roads in a city. The more efficient they are, the smoother the traffic flow.

Similarly, in the digital area, a strong network ensures efficient data transfer, seamless communication, and optimal user experience.

However, just as a pothole can disrupt your drive, network issues can interrupt a business’s operations.

Moreover, as businesses evolve and grow, their networks must be agile and scalable.

Technology is an enabler but not a complete solution. Use it to reduce risk – but be prepared for a breach.

eCabs Systems & Network Administrator Osama Belaama

Utilising a robust network infrastructure not only streamlines communication and traffic flow but also safeguards critical business information against potential cyber threats.

Security: safeguarding the digital system and infrastructure

Finally, the final of the pillars of technology – and the most important aspect of business nowadays – is security.

With a rising number of cyber threats, security isn’t just an option; it’s a priority.

A single breach can lead to financial loss, damage to reputation, and a loss of trust. Therefore, it’s vital for every user to identify the importance of digital security.

Whether it’s about setting strong passwords, MFA (Multifactor Authentication) or understanding phishing threats, a little knowledge can go a long way. Knowledge is always your best defence.

No such thing as 100% invulnerability… ever

This is a crucial fundamental truth.

Despite our best efforts in deploying firewalls, adopting MFA, or integrating IDS (Intrusion Detection System) and IPS (Intrusion Prevention System), the advent of supercomputers and sophisticated hacking techniques has proved that every digital fortress is vulnerable.

Technology is an enabler but not a complete solution. Use it to reduce risk – but be prepared for a breach.

Even with all these advanced warnings, one of the most vulnerable aspects that may result in significant business loss is the user themselves.

According to research, 88% of all cyberattack incidents are caused by an employee. Either due to a mistake or lack of awareness.

An accidental click on a malicious link, a download from an unverified source, or simply entering their credentials on a false page can open floodgates to potential threats.

It is my utmost responsibility to highlight and repeat the importance of caution to users. Staying informed, alert, and proactive is not just a recommendation; it’s a crucial component for you to hold.

Osama Belaama
Osama has a Bachelor’s degree in software development and has completed a Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) course. With almost a decade of experience in the IT sector, he is now furthering his studies by reading for a Master’s in Cybersecurity. In his current role as Systems & Network Administrator, he ensures that eCabs technical systems run seamlessly, assisting users, and ensuring that operations remain consistent and efficient.
Driving digital transformation with Google Cloud

Driving digital transformation with Google Cloud

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eCabs worked with Google Cloud and TIM Enterprise to achieve its vision, positioning the platform as an always-on option, contributing positively not only to eCabs but also to its customers and end-users.

The emergence of smartphone apps has reshaped the ride-hailing industry, presenting both challenges and opportunities for established players.

eCabs has successfully navigated this digital transformation, combining decades of experience with cutting-edge technology.

The tech mobility company has created its own robust customisable platform, which is designed not only designed not only for its own operation, but also paves the way for the digital evolution of legacy cab companies across Europe, and is tailored to meet the diverse needs of operators worldwide.

As the company continued its digital transformation journey, migrating to Google Cloud was a natural progression, enabling flexibility, scalability, and enhanced reliability.

A strategic partnership

In the intricate process of migration, eCabs found a valuable ally in TIM Enterprise, a Google Cloud partner.

The partnership facilitated a seamless transition from bare metal to GKE architecture, unlocking additional solutions such as BigQuery.

With TIM Enterprise’s guidance, eCabs maximises BigQuery for comprehensive data analytics. This offers valuable insights to customers for planning and performance reviews.

Leveraging Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE), eCabs powers its microservices architecture, providing unique environments for international tenants. This move allows quick replication of environments, enabling eCabs to rapidly onboard new customers and showcase the value of its platform.

Google Cloud and TIM Enterprise play a pivotal role in enabling eCabs to seize current market opportunities and prepare for the future.

As eCabs continues its international expansion, by utilising Google Cloud tools, eCabs empowers legacy cab companies and new entrants, allowing them to compete with digital ride-hailing giants.

Explore eCabs’ success story on the Google Cloud blog.

Mastering data visualisation choosing the right graph for your data

Mastering data visualisation: choosing the right graph for your data

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eCabs Technologies Senior Data Analyst

Julia Vella

In this blog, we will delve into the mathematical and practical aspects of selecting the most appropriate data visualisation method. We will offer insights on when and why you should use each one.

As a senior data analyst working in a tech mobility company, I have encountered various data types. I have found that the choice of the right graph, plot, or chart can significantly impact the way one perceives and interprets data.

Line charts for time series data

Time series data, which represents information collected over time, is prevalent in almost every industry.

The cab industry we track daily ride volumes, revenue over weeks, and driver hour trends. This makes line charts an excellent choice.

The reason is rooted in the fundamental concept of continuity. Line charts visually represent the data points as connected by lines, highlighting the sequence and trends within the data.

Mathematically, the line charts interpolate between data points, making them suitable for time-based data where intermediate values matter. The interpolation assumes a continuous change in values between points.

When creating a line chart for time series data, remember to ensure that the time intervals between data points are constant, making it suitable for mathematical operations such as differentiation or integration, which can be used for trend analysis or forecasting.

The line chart below illustrates a steady continuous growth to a peak, trailing off to a relatively similar position as at start. This could be an indication of patterns dependant on time of day.

Mastering data visualisation

Bar charts for categorical data

Categorical data, which consists of discrete categories or labels, plays a vital role in the cab industry when analysing customer feedback, driver ratings, or ride types.

Bar charts are the go-to-choice for visualising categorical data. They represent each category as a separate bar, with the height of the bar corresponding to the frequency or proportion of occurrences of that category.

Mathematically, bar charts use a discrete, non-continuous axis. This means that there is no interpolation between bars, making it the ideal choice for discrete categories.

Moreover, bar charts are versatile and can be displayed as either horizontal or vertical bars, depending on the preference.

They allow for easy comparisons between categories and we can use them to illustrate trends or patterns in the data. The below bar charts make use of identical dummy data relating to the locations of pickups of users.

The horizontal and vertical bars are selected at the analyst’s discretion and depending on what is best to communicate the final results.

Mastering data visualisation
Mastering data visualisation

Pie charts for parts of a whole

When you need to visualise the composition of a whole dataset, pie charts are a valuable tool.

In the cab industry, you might use pie charts to show the percentage breakdown of revenue sources, expenses, or customer demographics.

Mathematically, pie charts represent a circle divided into slices, with each slice corresponding to a component’s portion of the whole. The angle of each slice is proportional to the component’s size relative to the whole.

Pie charts are particularly useful when you want to emphasize the part-to-whole relationship and provide a clear visual representation of proportions.

However, it’s important to use pie charts sparingly and ensure that the data is not too complex. As it can be challenging to compare multiple pie charts.

The pie chart found below illustrates the segmentation of users coming from which countries, determined by the mobile number prefix. This can be useful when trying to understand user demographics.

Mastering data visualisation

Scatter plots for correlation and relationships

In the cab industry, understanding the relationship between different variables is crucial. Scatter plots are a powerful way to visualise the correlation between two continuous variables.

This is especially useful when studying factors such as ride duration versus distance travelled or driver ratings versus ride frequency.

Mathematically, scatter plots display data points as individual dots on a two-dimensional plane, with one variable on the x-axis and the other on the y-axis.

By plotting data points this way, you can visually assess the presence and strength of any linear or non-linear relationships between the two variables.

Scatter plots also allow you to identify outliers and clusters of data points. This can be essential for anomaly detection or identifying specific patterns in your data.

The scatter plot below illustrates the relationship between volumes and revenues. Here, we can see a clear linear relationship. We can easily extract an equation. And it can now be used to action changes in favour of company needs.

Mastering data visualisation

Histograms for data distribution

Understanding the distribution of data is crucial in the ride-hailing industry.

Histograms are a key tool for visualising the frequency distribution of a continuous variable, such as ride fares, customer ratings, or wait times.

Mathematically, histograms divide the range of a continuous variable into intervals or bins and represent the frequency or density of data points falling into each bin using bars.

The width and number of bins can be adjusted to fine-tune the level of detail in the visualisation.

Histograms help you identify the shape of the distribution, including whether it is normal (bell-shaped), skewed, or multimodal.

This information can be invaluable for making data-driven decisions and identifying areas for improvement.

Box plots for data distribution and outliers

Box plots, also known as box-and-whisker plots, provide a compact way to visualise the distribution of a dataset, as well as identify potential outliers and compare the distributions of different groups.

In the cab industry, we can use box plots to analyse driver earnings, customer wait times, or ride distances across different cities.

Mathematically, a box plot consists of a rectangular box and two whiskers. The box represents the interquartile range (IQR), with the median line inside. The whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum values within a certain range (typically, 1.5 times the IQR).

Box plots are ideal for displaying the spread, skewness, and presence of outliers in the data.

They allow for quick comparisons between different categories or groups, providing a concise summary of the data’s distribution.

Heatmaps for data density and correlation

Heatmaps are a versatile visualisation tool for displaying complex data relationships, data density, and correlations.

In the cab industry, you might use heatmaps to explore customer trip patterns, identify peak hours, or analyse geographical and geospatial distributions.

Mathematically, heatmaps represent data as a grid of coloured cells, with each cell’s colour intensity indicating the value or density. Heatmaps are particularly useful for visualising data over two dimensions, such as time and location.

Heatmaps can reveal trends, clusters, or hotspots in your data. This makes them a powerful tool for pattern recognition and identifying areas that require attention.

They are especially valuable when dealing with large datasets or multidimensional data.

The heatmap below displays the density of volumes around our island, as part of a project that needed to determine optimal pathways using specific amounts of cabs.

Mastering data visualisation

Radar charts for multivariate data

When dealing with multivariate data in the cab industry, such as driver performance across various categories or customer satisfaction across different attributes, radar charts are a valuable choice.

Mathematically, radar charts represent each variable as an axis radiating from the centre. We connect data points to form a polygon. The shape of the polygon provides a visual summary of the values across multiple variables.

Radar charts are excellent for visualising the overall patterns and differences between entities (e.g. drivers, cities, or customer segments). They can reveal strengths and weaknesses in each entity’s performance in a clear and intuitive manner.

In conclusion, data visualisation and plots are invaluable tools for unlocking the hidden insights within vast datasets and conveying complex information in a comprehensible manner.

Whether you’re a data scientist, business analyst, or simply a curious individual looking to better understand the world around you, the power of visual storytelling cannot be overstated.

By choosing the right type of visualisation for your data, mastering the art of clarity and simplicity, and embracing the ever-evolving world of data visualisation technologies, you can harness the full potential of your data.

Happy visualising!

Mastering data visualisation
Julia is Senior Data Analyst at eCabs Technologies. She has a Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics and Physics and a Master’s degree in Machine Learning, Pattern Recognition and Image/Signal Processing. Her studies have taken her to the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, more commonly known as CERN. Here, she worked on analysing raw data obtained from proton-lead collisions at the world’s largest and highest-energy particle collider. She has worked as a payment and fraud analyst, and kicked off her data analyst career at a Big Four firm. She also filled the shoes of a research and support analyst for Oxford University. When she’s not crunching numbers you can find her climbing cliff faces, at the gym, or gaming.
Behind the code innovative minds, seamless rides

Behind the code: innovative minds, seamless rides

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Explore the story, challenges, and solutions ‘behind the code’ with eCabs Technologies’ Backend Team Lead.

What are the main responsibilities of a backend developer in your team?

Working in backend development at eCabs, I focus on designing, developing, and maintaining our server-side logic and databases. I write clean, efficient, and reusable code to ensure seamless platform operation.

My day-to-day involves collaboration, code reviews, mentoring, and optimising for performance, scalability, and security. I also troubleshoot and stay updated with industry trends to implement cutting-edge solutions.

How does your team’s work contribute to fulfilling eCabs’ mission and improving transportation services?

My team’s work is pivotal in fulfilling eCabs’ mission. We focus on backend infrastructure, ensuring it’s robust and aligned with company goals.

By delivering high-quality, scalable solutions, we provide a seamless user experience, revolutionising transportation services. Our emphasis on code quality and performance optimisation positions us for long-term success and growth.

Can you share a specific project that you are proud of, and what challenges you faced during its implementation?

One project that I’m particularly proud of is our multi-tenancy transition. Initially, our operations were exclusive to Malta, but this project marked a significant leap in our expansion strategy.

It allowed us to extend our technology into both Greece and Romania, opening up numerous exciting possibilities for the future.

However, this transition came with its fair share of challenges. Adapting our platform for multi-tenancy required a meticulous approach.

We needed to ensure that each city partner could seamlessly and securely access their data and services while maintaining optimal performance and reliability across all regions.

What strategies and actions did you take to tackle these challenges?

To tackle these challenges, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of our existing infrastructure.

This informed our strategy for implementing multi-tenancy, which involved an almost complete redesign of our backend architecture, optimisation of database schemas, and the establishment of robust access control mechanisms.

Additionally, we put in place rigorous testing protocols to validate the scalability and security of the system.

The successful execution of this transition not only expanded our operational reach but also positioned us for further growth and expansion into new markets.

It stands as a testament to the dedication and expertise of our team in overcoming complex challenges and achieving strategic objectives.

Can you describe the technologies and tools you use in your tech stack for backend development?

As a backend developer, the arsenal of technologies at my disposal is diverse and tailored to meet the specific needs of our platform. Our tech stack is finely tuned to ensure the efficiency, scalability, and robustness of our services.

For legacy services, Java 8 remains an essential component of our toolset, allowing us to maintain stability and support for existing systems. For newer services, we adopted Java 17, leveraging its cutting-edge features to build innovative solutions that align with industry best practices.

How do you ensure scalability in your tech mobility platform, and what role do cloud-native architecture and microservices play in this?

Frameworks play a pivotal role in our development process. Spring Boot is a cornerstone, enabling rapid application development and seamless integration with various components.

Additionally, we’ve embraced Quarkus, harnessing its lightweight and reactive architecture to further enhance the performance of our applications.

In terms of databases, we rely on Postgres for its reliability and robust feature set. For more specialised data requirements, we have integrated MongoDB, offering flexibility and scalability for specific use cases.

As for message queuing and communication, we utilise RabbitMQ to facilitate asynchronous communication between different parts of our system. We also leverage pubsub mechanisms to ensure real-time updates and notifications.

Containerisation and orchestration are fundamental to our deployment strategy. Kubernetes forms the backbone of our container orchestration, providing a scalable and resilient environment for our services.

This, in conjunction with our cloud infrastructure, is hosted on Google Cloud Platform (GCP), ensuring a secure and performant environment for our applications.

In essence, our tech stack is a carefully curated blend of proven technologies and innovative solutions. It allows us to deliver a high-performance platform while maintaining the flexibility to adapt to evolving industry standards and user demands.

How do cloud-native architecture and microservices contribute to this scalability?

Scalability is central to our tech mobility platform. We adopt cloud-native architecture and microservices, allowing us to independently scale components based on demand.

Auto-scaling and horizontal scaling ensure seamless handling of increased user activity. Rigorous testing and load balancing fine-tune performance. Our team continuously explores emerging tech to enhance scalability.

Our development process thrives on effective collaboration. Working closely with product managers, designers, frontend developers and mobile developers, I ensure a clear understanding of project goals. Continuous communication, including stand-up meetings and design reviews, keeps us aligned.

With frontend and mobile developers, we establish seamless integration and troubleshoot together. Knowledge-sharing and cross-training further enhance our collective expertise, leading to high-quality solutions.

Continuous learning is fundamental in software development. Staying updated with emerging technologies is imperative.

In the dynamic field of software development, complacency is not an option. Keeping pace with emerging technologies is crucial.

Recent breakthroughs such as serverless architectures and widespread Kubernetes adoption have reshaped how we develop and deploy. This adaptability ensures our solutions remain cutting-edge.

Our development process thrives on effective collaboration. Working closely with product managers, designers, frontend developers and mobile developers, I ensure a clear understanding of project goals.

eCabs Technologies Backend Team Lead Burak Aykan Ürer

Embracing microservices empowers rapid response to changing demands. A steadfast focus on observability and stringent security safeguards system reliability and data integrity.

The commitment to continuous learning not only enhances our capabilities but also leads to innovative and effective software solutions.

In the fast-paced, competitive market of ride-hailing, sustaining innovation and agility is pivotal. We actively seek customer feedback and foster a culture of experimentation.

Agile methodologies empower us to swiftly adapt to changing needs. Additionally, we keep a vigilant eye on industry trends and invest in ongoing learning.

This comprehensive approach ensures we stay at the forefront of development, remaining both competitive and responsive to our customer base.

What advice would you offer to aspiring backend developers entering the tech mobility industry

I would advise aspiring backend developers looking to enter the tech mobility industry to focus on a few key areas.

Firstly, mastering core backend technologies is crucial. This forms the foundation of your technical prowess.

Additionally, familiarise yourself with cloud platforms like AWS or Google Cloud, as they’re integral for creating scalable and reliable infrastructure.

Understanding microservices architecture is equally important, as it allows for flexibility and scalability in complex systems.

APIs are a cornerstone in mobility services, so becoming proficient in designing and working with them is essential.

Given the sensitive nature of user data, prioritising knowledge of data security, encryption, and privacy regulations is paramount.

Lastly, remember that continuous learning is non-negotiable. The tech industry is ever evolving, so staying curious and open to adopting new tools and frameworks is imperative.

This combination of technical proficiency, problem-solving abilities, and a passion for learning will undoubtedly pave the way for success in the tech mobility industry.

Burak Aykan Ürer
Aykan was born and raised in Tekirdag, Turkey, and it was there that he embarked on his journey in software development after he completed a Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Engineering. After gaining a few years of valuable experience, he made the decision to Malta. Currently, he serves as a dedicated backend developer and team lead at eCabs. Outside of work, he dabbles in music, trying his hand at instruments like the harmonica, kalimba, and ukulele. Traveling, especially getting lost in unfamiliar cities, is a favorite pastime of his.
The thrill of ‘breaking stuff’ in software testing

The thrill of ‘breaking stuff’ in software testing

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As a manual tester, Maria’s role is directly related to the quality assurance stage of the software development of the eCabs Technologies’ product.  

This involves the execution of manual tests with the objective of ensuring that the software which is ought to be delivered to customers meets the respective requirements.  

Maria’s primary responsibility constitutes the analysis of software so that any foreseeable issues are identified and prevented.  

“A good software quality assurance analyst must be capable of putting themselves in the shoes of the person who will be making use of the software in question,” Maria explains. “Even though this might sound pretty straightforward due to the fact that I am one of these users (given that I make use of eCabs in real life), one must keep in mind that the consumer aspect of this ride-hailing technology is just one piece of the puzzle.”

For instance, there is the driver’s aspect which works hand-in-hand with the consumer’s, the business-to-business aspect and so on.  

“The mixture of these kinds of personas and scenarios is what makes the nature of this industry challenging enough to keep the testing strategies required interesting. The complexity of the processes involved from the minute the booking is created to when the booking is completed, not to mention the payment infrastructure that proceeds this, creates ample room for creative test cases designs. The trick is to learn how each piece links to and affects the others.”

Challenges and strategies in software testing

During her first few days at eCabs Technologies, Maria was involved with the general testing of the main mobile apps (the consumer app and the driver app).  

However, her main focus during the past few months has been the B2B portal which was recently launched for both Malta and Blue in Romania.

This portal gives businesses the opportunity to register, and make use, of the eCabs Business to Business feature.

A good software quality assurance analyst must be capable of putting themselves in the shoes of the person who will be making use of the software in question.

eCabs Technologies Manual Tester Maria Mifsud

Given that Maria has a lot of experience in web testing, she says that this project was as fun to test as much as it was interesting; it is just a shame that, since she did not start working on this project since day one, she was not involved in the requirements gathering process.  

“This posed the challenge of having to go through a lot of documentation. And having to ask a lot of questions on the business logic and the user flow. Having said that, my Quality Assurance team colleagues and the product owners of this project were always extremely helpful. I have always felt welcomed to voice my concerns and advice on user experience improvement and product stability.”

Enhancing software quality through clear communication

Maria is an avid advocate for good communication. She says that a tester must always have a clear vision of what the requirements and business logic are.  

“For this to be possible, there must be clear communication between the QA team and the product owners. In this regard, communication must be a two-way street, as it is our duty to voice our opinion when we think that a better approach can be taken. Given that bug reporting is part and parcel of our daily life, we need to have clear and constant communication with the development team to indicate any issues observed during testing.”

Seeing is believing

Maria says that the most rewarding feeling about working at eCabs Technologies is the fact that the work that she and her team does is tangible and can be observed in action on a day-to-day basis. Either by seeing an eCabs driver driving past or when using the customer app itself.

She believes that she still have a lot to learn on the possibilities that the mobility sector has to offer. And she hopes that she can implement such knowledge in a way that compliments the major advancements of the technology in this sector.

“From my experience, I can say that there are two types of people in the tech industry – those who like to build things and those who like to break things. Software quality assurance requires a reverse engineering mindset with the objective to break the software being tested so as to enhance its quality. Breaking stuff is cool and fun. Come join the party!”

Would you like to join Maria in the eCabs Technologies family?

Check out our open roles

Maria has always had an interest in breaking things apart to understand how they work and then following the reverse pattern to put everything back in place. In 2017 she graduated as an electrical and electronics engineer from the University of Malta. Soon after, she had the opportunity to pursue a three-month internship with Fraunhofer FKIE in Bonn, Germany. As far as her free time goes, if eating counts as a hobby, then she’d say she loves to eat! To keep this hobby ‘sustainable’, she goes running, does weight training and has also recently started indoor climbing. She also enjoys playing the piano, baking… and assembling furniture.

Sticking to what works in ride-hailing apps

Sticking to what works in ride-hailing apps

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eCabs Technologies UI/UX designer

Kristen Jim Albuquerque

What places eCabs Technologies’ App amongst the best ride-hailing apps in the world today?

Modern-day applications are user-centric. We are no exception to the rule.

Instead of reinventing the wheel, we’ve applied our extensive learnings and experience to ensure a standardised seamless in-app experience.

The landscape of digital interfaces is constantly evolving. Yet there is something to be said for adhering to what users are familiar with. Especially in the fast-paced world of ride-hailing apps.

In our pursuit to design the optimal user experience, we’ve settled on a few key principles that drive our decision-making.

Sticking to what works in ride-hailing apps

Seamless and intuitive experience

We prioritise a seamless UX/UI that reduces friction for users. Instead of trying to be overly innovative, we believe in building upon what users are already accustomed to in ride-hailing application layouts. This approach ensures an intuitive and natural experience for our end user. This ensures that customers can easily adopt the eCabs app wherever our technology is deployed without encountering any steep learning curves.  

Consistent movement and action

Just as you would expect a book to open from the side rather than the top, or a door to swing, app functionalities should follow familiar patterns. At eCabs Technologies, we respect the ‘mental muscle memory’ users develop over time. Replicating existing movements means users won’t be caught off guard or feel the need to learn a new way to navigate an app. This also contributes to reducing drop-offs and increasing conversions.

Reduced cognitive load

Every second counts when you are trying to book a ride. By reducing the thinking time and effort required to use our app, we’re ensuring that you can book a cab swiftly and without hassle. Additionally, this ensures that your end customers reduce ‘toggling’, between other ride-hailing platforms. When users intuitively know what to do next, they stage engaged.

Sticking to what works in ride-hailing apps

In essence, our design philosophy is to make the eCabs experience so smooth and effortless that it becomes the go-to choice when you need to book a cab, every single time.

Are we right?

Download our app and let us know.

Kristen Jim Albuquerque
Kristen Jim is a self-taught UX/UI designer from Mangalore, India, currently contributing his design expertise to eCabs in Malta. With a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Application and a Post-Graduation Diploma in Business Management, he has built a versatile background that allows him to seamlessly connect the worlds of design, technology, and business. Kristen is passionate about experimentation, which has led him to successfully complete numerous projects aimed at enhancing user experiences. He thrives in diverse and collaborative teams, and his active lifestyle reflects his dynamic approach to both work and play.
It takes experience to fix the user experience

It takes experience to fix the user experience

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eCabs Technologies Head of Product

Marvin Briffa

When it comes to learning the ropes, nothing really beats hands-on experience.

But what if you grab that experience and couple it with innovative tech, and a team of gifted engineers? That’s where the magic happens.

To me, that’s what sets eCabs apart from other ride-hailing and taxi platforms.

It’s a technology company that also has years of real-world, hands-on industry expertise.

That’s because, over the years, eCabs has transitioned from a traditional dial-a-cab operation to a digital platform-based taxi and booking dispatch platform with multiple revenue streams.

eCabs embraced the power of emerging technology and built on more than a decade of real-life experience.

“You just can’t fake that kind of experience”

Thirteen years ago, when I was in my early 20s, one of my first part-time jobs was driving cabs – with eCabs.

And I cut my teeth working at our first operations centre smack in the middle of St Julian’s, Malta’s busiest urban centre.

Picking up customers, dropping them off, taking booking reservations, and working around traffic flows and people’s lifestyles.

It taught me a lot about the realities of this industry.

I learnt what it means to get stuck in traffic because you aren’t sure about the best route.

Or how peak passenger numbers change depending on a whole range of factors – like is it the middle of summer? Are you on the West or East coast? Is the area you’re driving through urban or suburban?

This was at a time when mobile data was prohibitively expensive and mapping apps were practically inexistent.

And I’m not alone.

Key members of the eCabs and eCabs Technologies leadership teams were also there at the beginning of this journey.

You just can’t fake that kind of experience.

Because when it comes down to it, you need to know how something works if you’re going to have any chance of fixing it.

Our job is to continuously refine our tech offering, making our product smarter, faster, and more user-friendly for all our users – whether that’s riders, drivers, and now also our city partners.

eCabs Technologies Head of Product Marvin Briffa

As an aside, eCabs is also the kind of company that believes in personal growth.

Over the years I furthered my education, studying business administration at prestigious European universities – this was possible in no small part to the support and encouragement I received from eCabs.

Going global

Today, as Head of Product, I work with a team of business analysts, product owners, product managers, UI UX designers, talented engineers and gifted data crunchers.

Our job is to continuously refine our tech offering, making our product smarter, faster, and more user-friendly for all our users – whether that’s riders, drivers, and now also our city partners.

And when we’re not fine-tuning our existing offering, we’re creating new products to enrich our suite too.

We’re doing all this because 2023 is shaping up to be a big year for eCabs.

Taking our tech solutions and industry know-how to new jurisdictions is the next step in this journey.

At eCabs, we know how to help traditional taxi operations transition and embrace the solutions that tech offers the mobility sector.

We know this because we’ve already done it.

We know the teething problems and growing pains – like the resistance to embrace new technology or the fear that that tech is out to get them.

We’ve been there.

We’ve also learnt what it’s like to re-educate a market. One that’s used to thinking of mobility and transport in set ways.

But those ways are increasingly less compatible with contemporary lifestyles.

And another thing: This isn’t one-size-fits-all.

Each city has its own requirements – its own particular reality.

That’s why our team includes product owners and development teams from diverse backgrounds and cultures that are dedicated to creating new city-specific features.

We’re taking our tech global, and we’re pumped!

Marvin is an experienced Head of Product with a background in the mobility industry, previously having served as a Business Analyst and Product Owner within eCabs. In his current role, he oversees the expansion of the company’s ride-hailing technology across multiple European cities, providing resources to help taxi associations and ride-hailing operators expand their businesses. Marvin holds an MBA from the University of Suffolk, UK, as he prepares to read for his doctorate. He is a husband and father, who enjoys a good intense workout and spends much of his free time reading and researching about management and the mobility industry.